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Friday, February 29, 2008

Summary Of Indian Budget For 2008-2009 !!!!!!!!

New Delhi, Feb 29 (IANS) A Rs.60,000 crore (Rs 600 billion) debt relief package benefiting 40 million farmers, increase in spending on social sector schemes and relief to income-tax payers are some of the highlights of India's fiscal budget for 2008-09.

Presenting the budget in the Lok Sabha Finance Minister P. Chidambaram announced a new insurance scheme for workers in the unorganised sector, setting up of institutes of higher learning and 6000 high-quality model schools, and provision of Rs. 16,000 crore to cover all rural districts under National Rural Employment Guarantee Scheme (NREGS).

Under the debt waiver and relief package, small and marginal farmers (with holdings up to 2 hectare) there will be a complete waiver of all loans overdue on December 31, 2007 and which remained unpaid until February 29, 2008. For other farmers, there will be a one-time settlement (OTS) scheme. Under the OTS, a rebate of 25 per cent will be given against payment of the balance 75 per cent. Loans re-scheduled in 2004 and 2006 through special packages and those re-scheduled in the normal course will also be eligible for a waiver or an OTS. The debt relief scheme will be implemented by June 30, 2008 and the covered farmers will be entitled to fresh farm loans from banks in accordance with normal rules. The total value of overdue loans being waived is estimated at Rs. 50,000 crore and the OTS relief at Rs.10,000 crore.

The scheme is likely to benefit about 30 million small and marginal farmers and 10 million other farmers. Expressing the hope that the target of agricultural credit for 2007-08 would be exceeded, the Finance Minister has set the target of Rs. 280,000 crore farm credit in 2008-09. Short-term crop loans will continue to be disbursed at interest rate of 7 per cent per year.

More investment is flowing into the irrigation sector. Under the Accelerated Irrigation Benefit Programme, 24 major and medium irrigation projects and 753 minor projects will be completed. The outlay for this programme is being raised from Rs 11,000 crore last year to Rs. 20,000 in 2008-09. The Rain-fed Area Development Programme will be implemented, with an allocation of Rs. 348 crore. The Government will establish the Irrigation and Water Resources Finance Corporation with an initial capital of Rs. 100 crore. This Corporation will mobilize resources for major and medium irrigation projects.

Initiatives for rejuvenating the agricultural sector include setting up of 500 soil testing laboratories, introduction of crop insurance scheme for plantation crops and support to cooperative sector reforms.

The budget provides Rs. 32,667 crore for food subsidy under the Public Distribution System (PDS). As a new initiative for efficient delivery of food grains under the PDS, smart cards are being introduced in Haryana and Chandigarh, on pilot basis.

Keeping in mind the higher cost of construction of houses by the poor, the subsidy per unit for new houses sanctioned under Indira Awas Yojana after April 01, 2008 is being enhanced from Rs. 25,000 to Rs.35,000 in plain areas and from Rs.27,500 to Rs.38.500 in hilly/difficult areas. The subsidy for upgradation of houses goes up from Rs. 12,500 per unit to Rs.15,000. Loans up to Rs.20,000 per unit under the Indira Awas Yojana will be available at the interest rate of 4 per cent.

Calling the education and health sectors 'the twin pillars on which rests the edifice of social sector reforms', the Finance Minister announced 20 per cent increase in budget allocation for education and 15 per cent for the health sector.

In the area of school education, a model school programme with the aim of establishing 6,000 high quality model schools has been announced. Mid-day meal scheme is to be extended to upper primary classes in Government and Government-aided schools in all blocks of the country. Nehru Yuva Kendras will be opened in all the 123 districts which presently do not have an NYK. In higher education, three IITs are to be set up in Andhra Pradesh, Bihar and Rajasthan; two IISERs at Bhopal and Thiruvananthapuram; two Schools of Planning and Architecture at Bhopal and Vijayawada; and one Central University in each of the hitherto uncovered States. To encourage children to take up science and R&D, scholarships will be given to students under a new scheme, Innovation in Science Pursuit for Inspired Research (INSPIRE).

Highlighting the need for launching a world class skill development programme in mission mode, the budget seeks to establish a non-profit corporation. The Government will put Rs. 1,000 crore as initial equity in the corporation. Continuing the scheme of upgradation of ITIs, the budget provides Rs.750 crore for upgrading 300 more ITIs in 2008-09.

In the Health sector two major interventions are planned. Under the Rashtriya Swasthya Bima Yojana every worker in the unorganized sector falling under the BPL category and his family will get health cover of Rs. 30,000. For the elderly a National Programme for the Elderly is to be started in 2008-09.

The budget provides for Rs. 1,000 crore for the Aam Admi Bima Yojana that provides insurance cover to poor households. This will cover one crore poor households in addition to the one crore likely to be covered by September 30 this year. Funds have also been enhanced for the Indira Gandhi National Old Age Pension Scheme. This Scheme has been expanded from November 19 last year to include all persons over 65 years falling under the BPL category.

Allocations for the Flagship Programmes have been enhanced. Provision has been made to expand the National Rural Employment Guarantee Scheme to cover all 596 rural districts. For providing potable water to schools in water deficient habitations, provision for installing stand-alone systems is being made under the Rajiv Gandhi Drinking Water Mission.
Schemes benefiting SCs and STs exclusively have been provided Rs. 3,966 crore and for schemes where at least 20 per cent of the benefits are earmarked for SCs and STs, the budget provides Rs. 18,983 crore.

The schemes announced for the welfare of the minorities include a multi sectoral development plan to be drawn for each of the minority concentration district and a scheme for modernizing Madrassa education. The allocation to the Ministry of Minority Affairs has been doubled to Rs. 1,000 crore.

The budget has a number of initiatives for women and children. The allocation to the Ministry of Women and Child Development has been enhanced by 24 per cent to Rs. 7,200 crore. For the first time, a statement on child related schemes has been introduced in the budget. The total expenditure on schemes for child welfare would be of the order of Rs. 33,434 crore. Rs.11,460 crore has been provided for 100 per cent women specific schemes and Rs. 16,202 crore for schemes where at least 30 per cent is earmarked for women-specific programmes. LIC is being asked to extend the Janashree Bima Yojana to cover all women Self Help Groups that are credit-linked to the banks.

The North-Eastern region continues to receive special attention in this year's budget also. The total budget allocation for this region has been raised by over Rs. 2,000 crore to Rs. 16,447 crore. The government proposes to identify the urgent need of border areas in the north-east and address them through a special mechanism, and for this a Rs. 500 crore fund is being established.

Important To Note Down: The Finance Minister has raised the income tax exemption limit from Rs. 1,10,000 to Rs. 1,50,000, thus giving every assessee a relief at minimum of Rs. 4,000. The tax rate will be 10 per cent for the income slab between Rs. 1,50,001 and Rs. 3,00,000 and 20 per cent between Rs. 3,00,001 and Rs. 5,00,000. For income of Rs. 5,00,001 and above the income tax rate will be 30 per cent. The exemption limit for women assessees has been increased to Rs. 1,80,000 and in case of senior citizens to Rs. 2,25,000. The Finance Minister has not proposed any change in corporate income tax and in the rate of surcharge. A person paying medical insurance premium for his parents will be allowed an additional deduction of Rs. 15,000 under Section 80D. Justifying the changes in the slabs for personal income tax Shri Chidambaram said that moderation will beget revenues and fairness will beget compliance.

The Finance Minister has brought four more services under the service tax net. They include asset management service provided under ULIP, services provided by stock/commodity exchanges and clearing houses, right to use goods in cases where VAT is not payable, and customized software. He also clarified that money changers, persons running games of chance and tour operators using contract carriage vehicles are liable to service tax. He, however, increased the threshold limit of exemption for small service providers from Rs. 8,00,000 per year to Rs. 10,00,000. He said 65,000 small service providers will go out of the tax net.
On the indirect taxes front, the Finance Minister has made no change in the peak rates of customs duty. The customs duty on project imports has been reduced from 7.5 per cent to 5 per cent. He has proposed to impose a 4 per cent special countervailing duty on a few specified projects in the power sector. Duty on steel melting scrap and aluminum scrap has been reduced from 5 per cent to nil. Customs duty on certain life saving drugs and on the bulk drugs used in the manufacture of such drugs has been reduced from 10 per cent to 5 per cent and also to totally exempt them from excise duty or countervailing duty. Specific parts of set top boxes and specified raw materials for use in IT and electronic hardware industry have been fully exempted from customs duty. Specific machinery for manufacturer of sports goods, vitamin pre-mixes, mineral mixtures and phosphoric acid used for manufacture of cattle and poultry fields have been given duty concession.

In order to support domestic fertilizer production, customs duty on crude and unrefined sulphur has been reduced from 5 to 2 per cent. Export duty on chrome ore has been increased from Rs. 2000 to Rs. 3000 per metric tonne to conserve chrome ore. The Finance Minister has proposed to reduce the general CENVAT on all goods from 16 per cent to 14 per cent. Excise duty on all goods produced in the pharmaceutical sector has been reduced from 16 per cent 8 per cent. Excise duty on buses and their chassis, small cars, two and three wheelers has been reduced from 16 per cent to 12 per cent. Water purification devices, flush doors, specified packaging material and breakfast cereals will attract excise duty at 8 per cent. Anti AIDS drug, Atazanavir has been totally exempted from excise duty. To encourage cold chain facilities, the Finance Minister has proposed to exempt excise duty on refrigeration equipment above two tonne refrigeration utilizing power of 50KW and above.

Bulk cement will now attract excise duty of Rs. 400 per metric tonne or 14 per cent ad valorem, whichever is higher. Cement clinkers will be liable to excise duty of Rs. 450 per metric tonne. Excise duty of packaged software has been increased from 8 to 12 per cent. An excise duty of one per cent on polyester filament yarn, called NCCD, has been removed and imposed on cellular mobile phones.

Emphasizing that there has been an unmistakable boom in investment, the Finance Minister said the Government will provide Rs. 16,436 crore as equity support and Rs. 3,003 crore has loans to Central Public Sector Enterprises. The corpus of the Rural Infrastructure Development Fund is proposed to be raised to Rs. 15,000 crore during the coming year. Shri Chidambaram said that there has been some moderation in the index of production of the six core infrastructure industries as well as in the overall index of industrial production from April to December, 2007. He said the decline has been somewhat sharp in the case of consumer goods.

The Finance Minister has provided Rs. 5,500 crore for the Rajiv Gandhi Grameen Vidyutikaran Yojana, Rs. 800 crore for the Accelerated Power Development and Reforms Project and increased the outlay on National Highway Development Programme from Rs. 10,867 crore to Rs. 12,966 crore. The outlay on Technology Upgradation Fund run by the Ministry of Textiles has been increased from Rs. 911 crore in the current year to Rs. 1090 crore. Rs. 340 crore has been allocated for the cluster approach to development of the handloom sector. In order to scale up both infrastructure and production, the Finance Minister proposes to take up six centres for development as mega clusters. They include Varanasi and Sibsagar for handlooms, Bhiwandi and Erode for powerlooms and Narsaspur and Moradabad for handicrafts. An initial provision of Rs. 100 crore has been made for the mega clusters.

Recognizing that exports have come under some pressure due to appreciation of the Rupee, the Finance Minister said the Government has given relief to exporters in three tranches of over Rs. 8000 crore and Rs. 8351 crore in the form of interest cost of market stabilization bonds. He said the Government is sensitive the needs of the exports sector and will continue to respond sympathetically as the situation demands.

On the capital market front, he announced some measures to expand the market for corporate bonds. He said, the requirement of PAN will be extended to all transactions in the financial market subject to suitable threshold exemption limit.

The Finance Minister has provided Rs. 624 crore for the commonwealth games, Rs. 75 crore to ICCR to promote India's music literature, dance, art and films, Rs. 50 crore to the National Tiger Conservation Authority to raise and deploy a special protection force.

The allocation for defence has been raised by 10 per cent from Rs. 96,000 crore to Rs. 105,600 crore. The total plan expenditure will be Rs. 243, 386 crore and the non-plan expenditure is estimated at Rs. 507,498 crore. The fiscal deficit for 2008-09 has been estimated at Rs. 133,287 crore which is 2.5 per cent of GDP. He said, significant liabilities of the Government on account of oil, food and fertiliser bonds are currently below the line. He said, after the obligations on account of the Sixth Central Pay Commission become clear he would request the Thirteenth Finance Commission to revisit the roadmap for fiscal adjustment.

Wednesday, February 27, 2008

Catch the Highlights of our Railway Budget.

Lalu Prasad Yadav presents his fifth Railway Budget today



1. Freight rates on fly ash cut by 14%
2. Highest freight rate classification cut to 200
3. To cut freight on petrol, diesel by 5%
4. Freight rates for North-Eastern states cut by 6%
5. To cut sleeper fare cut by 5%
6. To cut A/C-I fare by 7%, A/C-II by 4%, and A/C-III by 3%
7. Capex for 2008-09 at Rs 37,500 crore
8. Vasai Road-Panvel new train
9. Gwalior-Indore (3 days/week) new train
10. Amravati-Mumbai new train (2 days/week)
11. Chennai-Tiruchirapally new train
12. AIDS patients to get 50% concession
13. Decorated soldiers get fare concession
14. New train: Ahmedabad-Mumbai AC train
15. Chennai-Salem new train
16. Bomb detection devices at major stations
17. 53 new trains; extensions in 16 trains
18. 10 more Gharib Rath trains to be started
19. To set up new rail coach factory in Kerala
20. To provide CFL bulbs in 6 lakh staff quarters
21. Mother-Child health express to be started: Lalu
22. Girl students to get season discounts of 50 per cent
23. Seniors citizens to receive season discount of 50 per cent
24. Concessions in rates for women of 60 and above
25. 30-50% concession for women senior citizens
26. Schemes to generate Rs 1 lakh crore in 5 years
27. DRF provisions at Rs.5450cr cr in 2008-09
28. To install anti-collision devices on all trains
29. TV, internet services on trains in future: lalu
30. SBU for cement, steel, coal container traffic
31. Pvt cos to be allowed to make terminals on rail land
32. To have new policy for bulk handling terminals
33. Okay for Delhi-JNPT North-West freight corridor
34. Anti Collision Device On All Trains: +ve for Kernex Micro
35. IT vision to be implemented over next 5 years: Lalu
36. Railway Protection Force to be equipped well: lalu
37. Security on trains a top priority for us: Lalu
38. 5,000 wagons to be upgraded
39. 20,000 wagons to be made in FY'09
40. East and West Corridor projects okayed
41. Strategic Business Unit to come in Railway Board: Lalu
42. The signalling system to enhance line capacity: Lalu
43. Automatic Signalling System to be put in place: Lalu
44. Escalators and lifts at 50 big stations
45. Railway vision 2025 to set targets for 17 years: lalu
46. Display board on Overnight Mail, Express trains
47. Green toilets in 36000 bogies at Rs 4,000 cr
48. 50 big terminals planned in Mumbai, Pune, Ghaziabad: Lalu
49. To run 25 tonne axle load rakes: Lalu
50. Considering rail link for Ennore Port: Lalu
51. Considering raising rail network for West Bengal port: Lalu
52. To improve port connections: Lalu
53. Electrification of more routes in North India underway
54. New dedicated lines for carrying coal for power cos
55. Plan 20,000 km high density network
56. To upgrade infrastructure in 7-yrs at 75,000cr
57. LCD display screens at A, B category stations
58. Janasadharan booking Seva extended to all zones
59. To increase auto ticket sale machines to 6000 in 2-years
60. Freight loading of 790 mn tons expected in 2008-09
61. 30 major stations to have multi-level parking
62. 195 stations to get foot overbridges
63. Multi level parking in big stations to be provided: Lalu
64. To only use stainless steel coaches by 2010-11: Lalu
65. To only use stainless steel coaches by 2010-11: Lalu
66. Public address system to be in some express trains: Lalu
67. New coaches in Shatabdi trains by 2011: Lalu
68. Long run trains to display next station, ETA from 2009: Lalu
69. New coaches in all Rajdhani trains by 2010: Lalu
70. Have introduced call centre for inquiries: Lalu
71. To have online control of trains in 2-years: Lalu
72. Planning smart card based ticket system: Lalu
73. Railways fund balance up at Rs.20,480cr: Lalu
74. E-ticket booking seen up at 3 lakh vs 1 lakh in 1-year: Lalu
75. People using telephone enquiry to be 5 lakh in 1-yr: Lalu
76. 15,000 computer ticket counters in 2 yr vs 3000 now: Lalu
77. Aim to cut time spent on buying tickets over next 2-yrs: Lalu
78. Freight loading aim 790 MT vs 785 MT in FY'08: Lalu
79. Information Technology used at ticket counters: Lalu
80. Saw 233 MT incremental loading: Lalu
81. Freight loading up 8-10% April-December: Lalu
82. Railway has generated Rs 25,000 crore surplus
83. Have taken Indian Railways to new heights: Lalu
84. Operating profit margin at 76%: Lalu
85. Indian Railways employees at 1.4 million
86. Rs 68,778 crore surplus in 4 years: Lalu
87. Rs 2000 crore earning from 3000 more bogies: Lalu
88. Railways fund balance up at Rs.20,480cr: Lalu
89. I will show how Railways have been profitable: Lalu
90. I am a man of the common people: Lalu
91. Have kept common people in mind: Lalu
92. Railways belong to the common people: Lalu
93. Will show the surplus we have deposited: Lalu
94. Railways are the backbone of India: Lalu
95. If Railways are strong, the country is strong: Lalu
96. We've proved public sector can be profitable: Lalu
97. We've not handed over to private sector: Lalu

Sunday, February 17, 2008

Levitron Anti-Gravity Globe


Museum-quality globe with bold and beautiful colors floats above a futuristic base

A conversation piece that may leave you speechless with wonder

A whole wide world that will fit into the palm of your hand

Ensures that the weight of the world is no longer on your shoulders

Comes with AC power that plugs into any outlet

American Pie Presents: Beta House [2007]


Director:
Andrew Waller
Writers:
Adam Herz (characters)
Erik Lindsay
Release Date:
26 December 2007 (USA) :) :)
Genre:
Comedy

Download and test the TRAILER

'Download links'

Dark Ride [2006]

Ten years after he brutally murdered two girls, a killer escapes from a mental institution and returns to his turf--a theme park attraction called "Dark Ride." About to collide on this killer's path are a group of college kids on a road trip who stumble across the park, unaware that this thrill ride is the last one they're ever going to take.

Also Known As: 8 Films to Die For

Production Status: Released

Logline: A group of college kids, en route to spring break, decide to break into a famous amusement park "dark ride," not yet open to the public. The site of a famous atrocity 10 years ago, the dark ride soon proves a ticket to terror.

Genres: Suspense/Horror, Thriller and Teen

Running Time: 1 hr. 36 min.

MPAA Rating: R for strong grisly horror violence and gore, sexuality, nudity, language and some drug content.

Distributors: After Dark Films, Lionsgate

Production Co.: My2Centences Productions

Filming Locations: Los Angeles, California, USA

Produced in: United States

Check the sample video

'Download links'

Rambo 4 (2008)

John Rambo has retreated to northern Thailand, living a solitary and peaceful life in the mountains and jungles. A group of human rights missionaries search him out and ask him to guide them into Burma to deliver medical supplies. When the aid workers are captured by the Burmese army, Rambo decides to venture alone into the war zone to rescue them.

Also Known As: John Rambo
Rambo 4
Rambo IV
Rambo IV: Blood Ties
Rambo IV: End of Peace
Rambo IV: Holy War
Rambo IV: In the Serpent's Eye
Rambo IV: Pearl of the Cobra
Rambo To Hell and Back

Production Status: Released

Genres: Action/Adventure, Thriller and Sequel

Running Time: 1 hr. 31 min.

Release Date: January 25th, 2008 (wide)

MPAA Rating: R for strong graphic bloody violence, sexual assaults, grisly images and language.

Distributors: Lionsgate

Production Co.: Nu Image/Millennium Films, Emmett/Furla Films, Equity Pictures Medienfonds GMBH & Co KG, The Weinstein Company

U.S. Box Office: $36,876,490

Filming Locations: Mexico
USA
Thailand

Produced in: United States

Check the sample video

'Download links'
Cheers...

Saturday, February 16, 2008

Regal horned lizard (Blood-squirting Lizard) video

Horned lizards (Phrynosoma) are a genus of the Phrynosomatidae family of lizards. The horned lizard is popularly called a "horned toad," "horny toad", or "horned frog," but it is neither a toad nor a frog. The popular names come from the lizard's rounded body and blunt snout, which give it a decidedly toad-like or frog-like appearance. (Phrynosoma literally means "toad-bodied.") The spines on the back and sides of this lizard are made from modified scales, whereas the horns on the heads are true horns (i.e. they have a bony core). There are 14 species of horned lizards in North America, 8 of which are native to the United States. The largest-bodied and most widely distributed of the U.S. species is the Texas horned lizard (P. cornutum). Horny lizards are morphologically similar to the Australian thorny devil (Moloch horridus), but are only distantly related. Though due to other unique similarities, such as being sit-and-wait predators and preying upon ants, these two are considered to be a great example of convergent evolution. Horned lizards carry with them a wide variety of means to avoid predation. Their coloration generally serves as camouflage. When threatened, a horned lizard's first defense is to remain still and hope it avoids detection. If it is approached too closely and is forced to move, it generally runs in short bursts and stops abruptly, hoping to confuse the predator's visual acuity. If this fails, it will puff up its body to cause its spiny scales to protrude, making it appear larger and more difficult to swallow. At least four species also have the ability to squirt an aimed stream of blood from the corners of the eyes for a distance of up to 3 feet. The horned lizard is able to do this by restricting the blood flow leaving its head, thereby increasing blood pressure and rupturing tiny vessels around the eyelids. This not only confuses would-be predators, but the blood is also foul-tasting to canine and feline predators. It appears to have no effect against predatory birds. But the horned lizard has yet more defenses in its bag of tricks should a predator attempt to pick it up. By ducking or elevating its head and allowing its cranial horns to be oriented straight up, or back, the horned lizard can attempt to defeat a predator from taking it by the head or neck. If the predator attempts to take it by the body, the horned lizard will drive that side of its body downward into the ground so that the predator cannot easily get its lower jaw underneath the lizard. The diet of most horned lizards species varies from 60-90% harvester ants of the genus Pogonomyrmex, though they are opportunistic and supplement these with termites, beetles, grasshoppers and other small insects. In California, Texas, and other states, horned lizards are considered threatened and given state protection, though none are on the federal endangered species list. The Texas horned lizard has declined in about 30% of its range, though there is some indication it may be making a comeback. Some California horned lizard species are also in decline. The decline is usually blamed on development/destruction of habitat, the spread of non-native South American ants which compete and war with the harvester ant, and from overuse of pesticides which kill harvester ants. In California, the introduced species is the Argentine ant. In Texas, it is both the Argentine ant and the Brazilian fire ant. Both species are highly aggressive, fiercely territorial, and prey upon harvester ant queens, destroying the horned lizard's principal source of food. Some Native American peoples regarded horned lizards as sacred. The animal is a common motif in the art many Native Americans in the Southwestern U.S. and in Mexico. The horned lizard is the state reptile of both Texas and Wyoming, and as the "horned frog," is the mascot of Texas Christian University (TCU).


This bloody lizard, the regal horned lizard, can shoot blood at its predators with blood to safely get away. In this video it uses the blood in its eye socket to flee from a coyote. The coyote scares away the coyote. What a cool trick!
Watch it here..


Cheers...


White Dwarfs

These ancient stars are incredibly dense. A teaspoonful of their matter would weigh as much on Earth as an elephant—5.5 tons. White dwarfs typically have a radius just .01 times that of our own sun, but their mass is about the same.

Stars like our sun fuse hydrogen in their cores into helium. White dwarfs are stars that have burned up all of the hydrogen they once used as nuclear fuel.

Fusion in a star's core produces heat and outward pressure, but this pressure is kept in balance by the inward push of gravity generated by a star's mass. When the hydrogen used as fuel vanishes, and fusion slows, gravity causes the star to collapse in on itself.

As the star condenses and compacts it heats up even further, burning the last of its hydrogen and causing the star's outer layers to expand outward. At this stage, the star becomes a large red giant.

Because a red giant is so large, its heat spreads out and the surface temperatures are predominantly cool, but its core remains red-hot. Red giants exist for only a short time—perhaps just a billion years compared with the ten billion the same star may already have spent burning hydrogen like our own sun.

Red giants are hot enough to turn the helium at their core, which was made by fusing hydrogen, into heavy elements like carbon. But most stars are not massive enough to create the pressures and heat necessary to burn heavy elements, so fusion and heat production stop.

Further Incarnations

Such stars eventually blow off the material of their outer layers, which creates an expanding shell of gas called a planetary nebula. Within this nebula, the hot core of the star remains—crushed to high density by gravity—as a white dwarf with temperatures over 180,000 degrees Fahrenheit (100,000 degrees Celsius).

Eventually—over tens or even hundreds of billions of years—a white dwarf cools until it becomes a black dwarf, which emits no energy. Because the universe's oldest stars are only 10 billion to 20 billion years old there are no known black dwarfs—yet.

Estimating how long white dwarfs have been cooling can help astronomers learn much about the age of the universe.

But not all white dwarfs will spend many millennia cooling their heels. Those in a binary star system may have a strong enough gravitational pull to gather in material from a neighboring star. When a white dwarf takes on enough mass in this manner it reaches a level called the chandrasekhar limit. At this point the pressure at its center will become so great that runaway fusion occurs and the star will detonate in a thermonuclear supernova.

Cheers...

Friday, February 15, 2008

2,800 fonts



This is a link to a zip file containing 2,800 fonts

Download link here

Cheers...


Animated GIF Collection for Avatars and web-design



Animated GIF Collection for Avatars and web-design
84 GIF | 176x220 | 8 MB



Cheers...

Sony Vegas Movie Studio 8.0 Build 122 Plantinum Edition

Editing, audio production, and DVD authoring come together in a single, powerful solution. Vegas Movie Studio Platinum software has everything you need to produce high-quality movies, corporate videos, wedding DVDs, and more.

Easily edit Video in almost any format including high-definition HDV and Sony AVCHD. Advanced tools for video compositing, color correction, and surround sound mixing help you achieve feature-film results in your home studio. And with integrated DVD authoring and multiple export options for online posting, you can deliver projects however you or your clients desire. Professional-Level Power for Your Home Studio Video editing, audio production, and DVD authoring come together in a single, powerful solution. Vegas Movie Studio Platinum software has everything you need to produce high-quality movies, corporate videos, wedding DVDs, and more. Easily edit video in almost any format including high-definition HDV and Sony AVCHD. Advanced tools for video compositing, color correction, and surround sound mixing help you achieve feature-film results in your home studio. And with integrated DVD authoring and multiple export options for online posting, you can deliver projects however you or your clients desire.

Make Your Own Movies, Slideshows, Presentations, and More

Vegas Movie Studio software makes video editing easy and fun. Best of all, Vegas Movie Studio software is a real-time nondestructive video editor. No matter what changes you make to your video and photos in the software, your original files are never affected! Vegas Movie Studio software gives you the freedom to experiment and have fun with video editing, without worrying about making a mistake.Easy Capture
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Capture and Import

* New! Gracenote® MusicID™ CD album recognition
* Import media from Sony® DVD Handycam® camcorders
* Batch capture and automatic DV scene detection
* PC connection via, i.LINKâ„¢ connector or IEEE-1394 devices**
* Import pictures in BMP, GIF, JPG, and PSD formats
* Import AVI, DV, SWF, and MPEG 1 & MPEG 2 files
* Import audio files in WAV, MP3, AIF, CD Audio and PCA formats

Export and Hardware Features

* VideoCD and Multimedia CD burning
* Export video projects in multiple formats for the web

Changes in Version 8.0b:
* Added support for MJPEG-encoded AVI files.
* Added Spanish language support.
* Fixed a bug that could cause 1080p HDV clips to default to 1.000 pixel aspect ratio.
* Fixed a bug that could cause image corruption in the Red-Eye Reduction window with Windows vista


Don't touch my computer 2


If you´re tired of people messing with your PC whenever you step away, it´s time to send them the right message. Don´t Touch My Computer Episode 2 is the fun filled sequel to the author´s initial DTMC screen saver. In addition to a stream of fun animations that play out, the lovable dog does a whole mess of tricks to occupy his time. When folks sit down at that computer and touch your mouse, watch out, it´s time for that cute pup to go to work.

Download link here

Cheers...

Adobe Photoshop CS3 Lite Edition

This version of Adobe Photoshop CS3 is incredible. It
requires no activation. It’s also only 155MB after installation. Everything
from the original Adobe Photoshop CS3 is included but help files, activation and some other files have been deleted.



Cheers...

Real Player 11 Plus (with crack n activation patch)

What's New in RealPlayer?

A number of changes — from large and obvious to small and subtle — make the new RealPlayer a more versatile and useful all-in-one music and video resource.

Features:
View, download, burn and organize Internet videos with a one-click download button – from thousands of sites like YouTube, Comedy Central, MySpace, American Idol, and more. Keep the videos you want and build your own video library. Watch them when you want, online or offline, anywhere, anytime.r/fw_p
Burn, transfer, and share your videos. Easily burn videos to CDs, which can be played on most DVD players. RealPlayer Plus also burns DVDs and SVCDs. Take your downloaded videos and watch them on your TV or a portable player. Share video links with friends and family by one-click email.

Universal Video Playback
RealPlayer plays all major video formats, including Windows Media, Flash, Quicktime, RealMedia, Avi, and Divx.
RealVideo streaming content starts up faster – less buffering.
Improved playback quality and performance. Enhanced playback features such as full-screen with controls and resizing.
The larger playback window provides a better viewing experience.

More
The new look and feel reduces clutter and increases ease of use. The new tabbed interface makes navigating RealPlayer easier.
RealPlayer is fully compatible with Windows Vista and XP.
A new video thumbnail view keeps your video presentation available and uninterrupted while you use other RealPlayer features.
The Search function has been fully integrated and enhanced.
Automatic bandwidth selection and improved firewall support.
The new RealPlayer launches faster than previous versions.

Note: Some services and features may not be available in all countries. Services and features will change as they become available.

Download link here

Password: yingry

Cheers...

Acid Rain


Effects Felt Through the Food Chain

Acid rain describes any form of precipitation with high levels of nitric and sulfuric acids. It can also occur in the form of snow, fog, and tiny bits of dry material that settle to Earth.

Rotting vegetation and erupting volcanoes release some chemicals that can cause acid rain, but most acid rain falls because of human activities. The biggest culprit is the burning of fossil fuels by coal-burning power plants, factories, and automobiles.

When humans burn fossil fuels, sulfur dioxide (SO2) and nitrogen oxides (NOx) are released into the atmosphere. These chemical gases react with water, oxygen, and other substances to form mild solutions of sulfuric and nitric acid. Winds may spread these acidic solutions across the atmosphere and over hundreds of miles. When acid rain reaches Earth, it flows across the surface in runoff water, enters water systems, and sinks into the soil.

Acid rain has many ecological effects, but none is greater than its impact on lakes, streams, wetlands, and other aquatic environments. Acid rain makes waters acidic and causes them to absorb the aluminum that makes its way from soil into lakes and streams. This combination makes waters toxic to crayfish, clams, fish, and other aquatic animals.

Some species can tolerate acidic waters better than others. However, in an interconnected ecosystem, what impacts some species eventually impacts many more throughout the food chain—including non-aquatic species such as birds.

Acid rain also damages forests, especially those at higher elevations. It robs the soil of essential nutrients and releases aluminum in the soil, which makes it hard for trees to take up water. Trees' leaves and needles are also harmed by acids.

The effects of acid rain, combined with other environmental stressors, leave trees and plants less able to withstand cold temperatures, insects, and disease. The pollutants may also inhibit trees' ability to reproduce. Some soils are better able to neutralize acids than others. In areas where the soil's "buffering capacity" is low, the harmful effects of acid rain are much greater.

The only way to fight acid rain is by curbing the release of the pollutants that cause it. This means burning fewer fossil fuels. Many governments have tried to curb emissions by cleaning up industry smokestacks and promoting alternative fuel sources. These efforts have met with mixed results. But even if acid rain could be stopped today, it would still take many years for its harmful effects to disappear.

Individuals can also help prevent acid rain by conserving energy. The less electricity people use in their homes, the fewer chemicals power plants will emit. Vehicles are also major fossil fuel users, so drivers can reduce emissions by using public transportation, carpooling, biking, or simply walking wherever possible.

Wednesday, February 13, 2008

Test Drive Unlimited PC [2007] DVDISO

Test Drive Unlimited DVD-Rom by Atari
Platform: Windows XP
* Experience more than 70 licensed vehicles from exclusive manufacturers including Lamborghini, Ducati, Aston Martin, Mercedes, Saleen, Shelby, and Jaguar
* Quick race mode; can randomly generate a challenge event so the number of tracks is limitless
* Enjoy the most realistic cars: amazing render quality and unrivalled interior details including full car functions such as radio, electric windows, horn, wipers and more
* Create your own challenges or races on 1000 miles of open Hawaiian roads from more than 50 game rules and settings. Download new challenges online to become part of the player community
* Upgrade each car with options from the actual manufacturers' catalogue

~ Unpack
~ Burn or mount
~ Install the game
~ Copy crack & filesystem data from the ViTALiTY folder
~ When asked for a key, use one of these:
VTY6 - NE6D - IZ68 - 7CJ4
VTY2 - 0PZ2 - DU5N - 1FZH
VTY9 - PWWQ - 6OA7 - XEVV
VTYA - T9SQ - SZZH - I0U2
VTY3 - P5A6 - O0NI - LBM8

'Download links'
Test.Drive.Unlimited.ViTALiTY.part01.rar
Test.Drive.Unlimited.ViTALiTY.part02.rar
Test.Drive.Unlimited.ViTALiTY.part03.rar
Test.Drive.Unlimited.ViTALiTY.part04.rar
Test.Drive.Unlimited.ViTALiTY.part05.rar
Test.Drive.Unlimited.ViTALiTY.part06.rar
Test.Drive.Unlimited.ViTALiTY.part07.rar
Test.Drive.Unlimited.ViTALiTY.part08.rar
Test.Drive.Unlimited.ViTALiTY.part09.rar
Test.Drive.Unlimited.ViTALiTY.part10.rar
Test.Drive.Unlimited.ViTALiTY.part11.rar
Test.Drive.Unlimited.ViTALiTY.part12.rar
Test.Drive.Unlimited.ViTALiTY.part13.rar
Test.Drive.Unlimited.ViTALiTY.part14.rar
Test.Drive.Unlimited.ViTALiTY.part15.rar
Cheers...

Nero 8 Ultra Edition 8.2.8.0 with Keygen

Nero 8 - The Ultimate solution for Data, Video, Photo, Audio and BackUp!
Nero 8 is a software solution that brings the digital world to your PC with features that make it fun and easy to create multimedia projects with high-quality, professional results. Create MP3 mixes and edit vacation videos in High Definition format. Share content around the world with simple Internet upload functions. Burn a disc with just one click, and then enjoy it in any room in your house with versatile streaming features. Rest easy knowing your data is safe in the event of a system crash or a damaged disc. Nero 8 lets you live the digital life with cutting-edge technology and world-class features.

Nero 8, the newest version of the world’s best-selling multimedia suite, brings the digital world to your PC. Now it’s easy to organize and manage all your multimedia files, as well as create and edit new digital content. Nero’s sleek design and user-friendly tools make completing projects fun and enjoyable.

Nero StartSmart 8 is the entry point for all functionality in Nero 8. With Nero StartSmart 8, all the powerful features of Nero8 are at your fingertips, making it easier than ever to complete your digital tasks.

Nero 8 comes loaded with a number of features that enhance Windows VistaTM. With the Nero DiscCopy Gadget, you can copy a disc of any format with just one click. With Rich Preview, you can view the contents of your files without having to open a separate application. With Nero MCE Plug-ins, you can burn and stream your content on a Windows Vista™ MCE powered machine.

New and Improved Features in Nero 8:
* Direct access to all features from the project launcher
* High Definition format support
* Xbox 360™ and PlayStation® 3 streaming features
* Blu-ray Disc and HD DVD burning support
* SecurDisc data protection support
* Copy a disc with just one click
* Graphics optimized for Windows Vista™
* Continual free updates

Nero StartSmart makes creating projects fun and simple
Nero StartSmart, the project launcher for Nero 8, lets you directly access features and perform one-click functions. The intuitive interface makes creating and managing digital projects easy and enjoyable. Optimized for use with Windows Vista™, Nero StartSmart even has an integrated newsfeed system.

Nero 8 is the solution for your multimedia projects
Nero 8 has the tools to help you handle all your multimedia projects. Whether you plan to create a music mix with MP3 files, edit vacation videos, touch up digital photos, make a slide show, or convert content to play on a mobile device, your results will be professional and dynamic.

Nero 8 takes home entertainment around the house
Organize and manage all your multimedia files with Nero’s home media center. Nero 8 lets you use your Xbox 360™ or PlayStation® 3 to stream High Definition video content and surround sound audio files to enjoy in the comfort of any room in your house.

Nero 8 offers increased data security
No more worries over losing data! Nero 8 has back up features that let you rest easy knowing your data is safe in case of a complete system crash or a damaged disc. Recover your data quickly and easily and create discs that are password protected. SecurDisc technology gives you peace of mind.

The following applications are included in Nero 8:
• Nero Mobile – Media Center for Mobile Devices (Included in the Retail version of Nero 8 only)
• Nero Home 3 – Media Management System
• Nero Scout – Database Technology
• Nero StartSmart 8 – One-Click Project Launcher
• Nero Burning ROM 8 – Expert CD and DVD Burning
• Nero Express 8 – Easy Interface CD and DVD Burning
• Nero WaveEditor 4 – Audio Editing and Recording
• Nero SoundTrax 3 – Professional Audio Mixing
• Nero Vision 5 – Video Editing and Authoring
• Nero Recode 2 – The World’s Fastest Video Converter
• Nero ShowTime 4 – DVD and Multimedia Player
• Nero MediaHome 3 – UPnPTM Streaming Solution
• Nero ControlCenter – Simplified Customization and Configuration
• Nero PhotoSnap – Photo Editing
• Nero PhotoSnap Viewer – Photo Viewing
• Nero CoverDesigner 3 – CD and DVD Label Design
• Nero BackItUp 3 – Complete Backup Solution
• Nero ImageDrive 3 – Virtual Drive Setup
• Nero DiscSpeed 4 – Improve Optical Drive Performance
• Nero DriveSpeed 3 – Complete Optical Drive Control
• Nero RescueAgent – Improved File Recovery
• Nero BurnRights – Easily Deployable Burning Rights
• Nero InfoTool 5 – Drive and Disc Analysis
• InCD 5 – Packet Writing Solution
• SecurDisc Viewer – View SecurDisc protected files

Supported Platforms: Windows XP / 2000 / Vista

Homepage - http://www.nero.com

'Download links'

nero8.phx.part1.rar
nero8.phx.part2.rar
Cheers...

Microsoft Windows XP Professional Corporate SP3 RC2 Build 3300

It wasn’t too long ago when SP3 RC2 was leaked to the public, and now ETH0, the masters of slipstreaming, have released the SP3 slipstreamed onto the install CD. Excellent for a quick test of the new OS, or a your next XP install CD, which ever you prefer. They also included a WGA crack which is in the ETH0 folder on the CD.

1. Unrar and burn with Nero
2. Install using this cd-key:
XP8BF-F8HPF-PY6BX-K24PJ-TWT6M

Latest WGA crack in ETH0 dir

'Download links'

msxp-sp3.phx.part1.rar
msxp-sp3.phx.part2.rar
msxp-sp3.phx.part3.rar
msxp-sp3.phx.part4.rar
msxp-sp3.phx.part5.rar
msxp-sp3.phx.part6.rar
msxp-sp3.phx.part7.rar
Cheers..

Juno [2007]

Juno is a whip-smart teen confronting an unplanned pregnancy by her classmate Bleeker. With the help of her hot best friend Leah, Juno finds her unborn child a "perfect" set of parents: an affluent suburban couple, Mark and Vanessa, longing to adopt. Luckily, Juno has the total support of her parents as she faces some tough decisions, flirts with adulthood and ultimately figures out where she belongs.
Production Status: Released
Logline: A teenage girl makes difficult decisions when faced with an unplanned pregnancy.
Genres: Comedy, Drama and Teen
Running Time: 1 hr. 31 min.
Release Date: December 5th, 2007 (limited)
MPAA Rating: PG-13 for mature thematic material, sexual content and language.
Distributors:
Fox Searchlight Pictures, 20th Century Fox International
Production Co.:
Mandate Pictures, Mr. Mudd Productions
Financiers:
Mandate Pictures
U.S. Box Office: $87,092,615
Filming Locations:
Vancouver, Canada
Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada

'Download links'

Please check quality of the sample movie

Alvin and the Chipmunks

Three chipmunk brothers, Alvin, Simon, and Theodore are adopted by a man named Dave.
Production Status: Released
Genres: Comedy and Kids/Family
Running Time: 1 hr. 31 min.
Release Date: December 14th, 2007 (wide)
MPAA Rating: PG for some mild rude humor.
Distributors:
20th Century Fox Distribution
Production Co.:
Regency Enterprises, Bagdasarian Productions
Studios:
20th Century Fox Animation, Fox 2000
U.S. Box Office: $204,121,451
Produced in: United States

'Download links'



Cheers..